Morphometrical and Histological Study of Thyroid Pyramidal Lobe in Different Ages of Iraqi Population

Abstract

Atyaf Mohammed Ali* and Anas Hamed Musleh

The pyramidal lobe, commonly known as the third lobe of the thyroid gland, arises from the isthmus or the surrounding region of any lobe toward the hyoid bone. The thyroglossal duct remnants form the pyramidal lobe of the thyroid. Clinically, it could be overlooked. The levetor glandulae thyroideae is a fibrous or fibromascular band that occasionally runs up from the summit of the pyramidal lobe to the body of the hyoid bone; in some cases, it began at the isthmus or neighboring region of any lobe. Study design: A descriptive cross-sectional study. Materials and Methods: From June 2018 to February 2019, this anatomical study was conducted at the Baghdad Institute of Forensic Medicine and the Kirkuk Teaching Hospital's forensic medicine section. For each sex, the collected samples were separated into two age groups: Group A 0 - 20 years (39 males and 21 females), and Group B 21 - 50 years (39 males and 21 females) (39 male and 21 female). The presence, position, extent, size, and histological diagnostic of the pyramidal lobe were perceived anatomically. The pyramidal lobe was detected in different age groups, with male specimens appearing more frequently than female specimens and levator glandulae thyroideae appearing slightly more frequently on the left side of the median-sagittal plane. The goal of this study was to see how characteristics like age and gender can affect changes in the pyramidal lobe's presence, position, relationship, and size, which is important to endocrinologists, pathologists, and ultrasonography specialists. Thyroid surgeons must also be familiar with the levator glandulae thyroideae in order to minimize iatrogenic damage. As a result, we believe that our findings can be used to achieve a harmless and more successful thyroidectomy to ovoid recurrent thyroid disease.