Full Length Research Article - (2022) Volume 17, Issue 5
The effect of rebound force training for the upper extremities on some indicators of electrical activity (EMG) of working muscles and the achievement of javelin throwing from sitting disabled category cp34 young
Abdullah Mohammed Alwan1* and Kareem Obayes Mohammed2*Correspondence: Abdullah Mohammed Alwan, College of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Mustansiriyah University, Iraq, Email:
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to preparing rebound strength training, and identifying the effect of rebound force exercises on some indicators of the electrical activity device (EMG) for working muscles and the achievement of javelin throwing from sitting disabled cp34 young people and their rate of development. The two researchers used the experimental method and the reality of one group with two tests, pre and post, according to the nature of the problem. The research sample was chosen by the intentional method, and they are the javelin throwers from the sitting class of CP34, and their number is (4) players out of (4) players, as they constituted (100%) of the original community. One of the most important results reached by the researcher is that : The rebound force training worked on developing some electrical activity indicators for the working muscles (peak, rate of peaks, area under the curve) and achievement for young javelin throwers cp34 class , the rebound strength training worked on developing the muscles working in performance, which helped in the development of motor transport, which contributed to the development of the achievement of these young javelin throwers from the seated cp34 category and the rebound strength training develops the explosive power of the upper extremities, which helped to develop the achievement of the seated javelin players of the cp34 category. One of the most important recommendations recommended by the researchers is that: Necessity of adopting the exercises of sports trainers in Iraq and following the scientific method in measuring the development of the electrical activity of the EMG muscles in a sequential manner to show the safety of the training process, and emphasis on the development of regressive strength training that can be used in line with the kinetic path and the desired goal that works to support the training process.
Keywords
Sport Psychology. Exercise. Boxing. Punches. Single. Double. Multiple
Introduction
Resistance exercises stand on top of boxing exercises, especially non-stationary resistance exercises, "as nonfixed resistance exercises are one of the most popular training methods for developing muscular abilities, and it represents functional training. In developing muscular abilities such as muscular strength, muscular endurance, balance and speed, and most of these exercises are similar to the performance of the game." (Guler, Tuncel, & Bianco, 2021).
The battle rope exercises are one of the types of resistance training, and the name (battle rope) came from the literal translation from the English language (Battle Rope), which "has become very popular for its great benefits to the athlete's body, and its popularity is increasing day by day due to the positive effects." The wide range offered to the athlete" (Kavikumar & Arumugam, 2020, p. 402), which are braided and sheathed ropes with a length of (10-15) meters and a thickness of (3-5) cm. These ropes are stretched on the ground and one end is tied to a fixed place, and the athlete performs Holding the other ends with both hands and performs certain movements. (Marín, García-Gutiérrez, Da Silva-Grigoletto, & Hazell, 2015) "It is a promising training tool that has received and will receive more attention in training programs to improve strength and endurance," states (MEIER, QUEDNOW, & SEDLAK, 2015). Specialists agree that there are common movements during exercises on this tool, which are Waves and Slam movements. This type of exercise in which ripples are made in the ropes for a period ranging from (10-30) seconds with fast repetitions, and it targets the upper part of the body more than the rest of the parts (Fountaine & Schmidt, 2015). Many researchers dealt with the issue of training using battle ropes, as (Martino & Dawes, 2012) indicated that these exercises are very important in gaining physical fitness, and (Wong, Bergen, & Nordvall, 2020) found that this type of exercises has Positive physiological effects on the cardiovascular system. As for the study (Wijaya, Wijono, & Widodo, 2020), in which the researchers presented an alternative way to improve physical conditions and increase the strength of the muscles of the arms using the battle ropes, the results showed a development in the strength of the muscles of the arms and muscular endurance. In another study the researchers used exercises using battle ropes, and the results showed a development in the strength of the arms, strength endurance and skillful performance of the experimental group compared to the control group(Rosario & Prakash, 2017). The aim of our study is to identify the effect of battle rope exercises on increasing the number of single, double, and multiple punches in elite boxing.
And by the two researchers working as boxing trainers, they noticed that most of the exercises concentrate on training boxing skills with the use of the focus Mitts and the punching bag on a daily basis, which made the boxers' body adapt to a certain type of training, this made many players suffer from weakness in the muscles, especially the muscles of the arms and shoulders, so the researchers introduced a training method that may not be new in the field of training in general and boxing in particular, but it was not used systematically repeatedly within the training programs according to a correct periodization.
Research objective:
Identify the effect of exercises using battle ropes on increasing the number of punches single, double, and multiple punches for the research sample.
Research methodology and field procedures
Research methodology and sample research
According to the nature of the research, the researchers used the experimental method. Ten players participated in this study whose weights ranged between (63-75) kg, with an average age of (24.451) years (±3.451), and an average length of (171.124) cm (±3.410).
The research tests included the following:
The first test: conducting bouts between players of close weights, three times over three days, with the competitors changing every day. The fights were video recorded and presented to three international judges holding the international badge (2Star), for the purpose of determining the number of punches in each round and then extracting the average punches per round for the three days.
To complete the research procedures, the researchers used battle ropes of lengths (10, 12, 15) meters, one end of which was tied to the pillars of the punching bags, so that the boxer holds the two ends of the rope and the distance between the feet is shoulder width or slightly more, with the trunk bending at an angle between (30-45) degrees, emphasizing the use of minimal movements in the trunk and focusing on the movements of the arms and shoulders.
The application of exercises continued for a period of (8) weeks at a rate of (3) units per week, for a period ranging from (15) to (20) minutes in the main part of the training unit.
The researchers aimed to develop the special abilities directly involved in performance, which leads to an increase in the number of punches performed by the boxer during bouts. The researchers used the most common types of battle rope exercises (Antony, Uma Maheswri, & Palanisamy, 2015):
• Slams: in which the two ends of the rope are raised to the level of the head, then the rope hits the ground with maximum force, then raised again and re-hit continuously. Two types of strikes were used:
➢ Double-arm slams
➢ Single-arm slams
➢ Waves: in which the two ends of the rope are raised to the level of the shoulders and then waves are made. Several types of wave movements were used:
➢ Single-arm waves
➢ Double-arm waves
➢ Double alternating arm waves
➢ Double outside circles (Tables 1 and 2 and Figures 1 and 2).
| Details | |
|---|---|
| Total program duration | 8 Weeks |
| Pre-tests (Three Days) | 01/02/2022 - 02/02/2022 03/02/2022 |
| Program start | 05/02/2022 |
| Program end | 23/03/2022 |
| Post-tests (Three Days) | 16/02/2022 - 17/02/2022 18/02/2022 |
| Number of units per week | 3 |
| Total number of units | 24 |
| Battle rope exercises duration | 20 Minute |
| Total program duration (hours) | 8 Hours |
| Training load | Medium – High - Maximum |
| Training formation | (1:2) |
Example 1 |
C | Double-arm slams | Total duration | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Duration | 10 | 10 | 0:09:30 | |||||||||
| repetitions | 8 | 8 | ||||||||||
| Rest between repetitions | 30 | 30 | ||||||||||
| Example 2 | Single -arm Waves | Double-arm Wavs | Total duration | |||||||||
| Duration | 15 | 15 | 0:14:30 | |||||||||
| repetitions | 6 | 5 | ||||||||||
| Rest between repetitions | 45 | 45 | ||||||||||
| Example 3 | Single-arm waves | Double-arm waves | Double alternating arm waves | Total duration | ||||||||
| Duration | 15 | 15 | 15 | 0:19:45 | ||||||||
| repetitions | 8 | 7 | 7 | |||||||||
| Rest between repetitions | 45 | 45 | 45 | |||||||||
| Example 4 | Double-arm slams | Double-arm waves | Double alternating arm waves | Double outside circles | Total duration | |||||||
| Duration | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 0:20:00 | |||||||
| repetitions | 6 | 6 | 6 | 5 | ||||||||
| Rest between repetitions | 45 | 45 | 45 | 45 | ||||||||
Figure 1. Intensity (weeks).
Figure 2. Intensity (days)
Results and Discussion
All data were processed using IBM SPSS Ver. 23, and independent samples t-tests were used to analyze the data statistically and to identify the differences between the pre-tests and the post-tests of the research sample (Tables 3 and 4).
| Punch Combination | Round No. | Pre-Test | Post Test | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | Std. Deviation | Mean | Std. Deviation | ||
| Single Punches | R1 | 15.70 | 1.95 | 19.70 | 3.33 |
| R2 | 25.90 | 3.03 | 29.90 | 1.37 | |
| R3 | 16.20 | 2.39 | 19.90 | 4.01 | |
| Double Punches | R1 | 15.00 | 2.91 | 28.10 | 0.99 |
| R2 | 24.70 | 2.11 | 28.10 | 0.99 | |
| R3 | 15.50 | 3.57 | 19.90 | 3.03 | |
| Three Punches | R1 | 10.00 | 2.91 | 23.10 | 0.99 |
| R2 | 19.70 | 2.11 | 23.10 | 0.99 | |
| R3 | 10.50 | 3.57 | 14.90 | 3.03 | |
| Four or more Punches | R1 | 3.70 | 2.31 | 9.00 | 2.26 |
| R2 | 7.00 | 1.33 | 11.00 | 2.91 | |
| R3 | 4.00 | 1.41 | 7.20 | 3.49 | |
| Punch Combination | Paired Differences | t | Sig. (2-tailed) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | Std. Deviation | Std. Error Mean | |||
| Single Punches | -4.00 | 3.94 | 1.25 | -3.21 | 0.01 |
| -4.00 | 2.58 | 0.82 | -4.90 | 0.00 | |
| -3.70 | 4.11 | 1.30 | -2.85 | 0.02 | |
| Double Punches | -13.10 | 3.31 | 1.05 | -12.50 | 0.00 |
| -3.40 | 2.59 | 0.82 | -4.15 | 0.00 | |
| -4.40 | 5.76 | 1.82 | -2.42 | 0.04 | |
| Three Punches | -13.10 | 3.31 | 1.05 | -12.50 | 0.00 |
| -3.40 | 2.59 | 0.82 | -4.15 | 0.00 | |
| -4.40 | 5.76 | 1.82 | -2.42 | 0.04 | |
| Four or more Punches | -5.30 | 2.79 | 0.88 | -6.01 | 0.00 |
| -4.00 | 3.02 | 0.95 | -4.19 | 0.00 | |
| -3.20 | 3.91 | 1.24 | -2.59 | 0.03 | |
Discussion
Through the results in Tables (3, 4), we find that the values of significance (Sig.) for the differences between the pre and post tests were all less than the significance level of (0.05) and under the degree of freedom (9). The mean values of the post-tests are greater than the mean values of the pre-tests, which indicates a development in the results of boxers and in favor of the post-test.
The researchers attribute this development to the use of battle rope exercises in the training units. Boxing skills, as it is known, does not depend on the correct kinetic paths only, but the nature of punches in terms of being fast, strong, accurate and range of motion commensurate with the basic goal of the type of skill, which is determined in terms of productive punches at the advanced level in this game, and (Martino & Dawes, 2012) confirm that the Battle Rope exercises are the type of exercises with a fixed base and movement in the rest of the body, which is called special moving exercises effective (dynamic specific action training) (DSAT) These exercises affect boxing skills positively. The researchers believe that the kinetic achievement in boxing can only be achieved by raising the level of specific strength necessary for muscle contraction according to the desired direction. (Bruzas, Kamandulis, Vencunas, Snieckus, & Pranas, 2018).
Special exercises are the main factor that leads to anatomical and physiological changes related to the requirements necessary to achieve achievement in boxing, as the boxer's body adapts to the physical, kinetical and physiological work that they perform, and this adaptation does not aim to bring physiological changes only, but leads to changes in performance in the skills and tactics in the direction required by that sport, and the researchers stress here that the training means or special exercises implemented to achieve an effective training effect must be in the form of exercises targeting the muscle group involved in the actual performance, as well as the supporting and the corresponding muscles, in a way close to the speed and directional strength the movement performed by the muscles during the match.
The use of battle rope exercises helped the muscle groups participating in the performance to adapt to work similar to what the boxer needs for the actual performance in increasing the number of punches during the bout. In addition, speed by shortening the muscle contraction as fast as possible, that is, using the so-called muscular ability. Battle rope exercises are an example of the muscular exercises for boxing, although the boxer depends on increasing the number of punches on all the muscles of the body, the greatest effort to increase the number of punches is on the muscles of the shoulder muscles group, and the trunk, this is what the battle rope exercises provide, as it gives comprehensive development for the shoulder muscle group, and the muscles of the trunk, thus giving a better effect, less effort and greater number of punches when boxing, due to the variety of types of muscle strength, we call the types of strength that the boxer needs (special boxing strength), which enables the boxer to regulate the strength of the muscle groups in order to control the accuracy of muscle contractions and organize them in order to suit the required motor performance, because punches are done to varying types of muscle strength according to their timing and placement from the quantitative group in the style of the tactic followed by the boxer.
One of the known properties of boxing is that the numerical increase is not only achieved by the development of strength, but also the strength must be performed with high speed (KWANG, Seung, & Saejong, 2018). The performance of punches with high speed is the reflection of the level of strength owned by the boxer, accordingly, the development that occurred with the participants in this study in the post-tests was caused by the use of battle ropes, as battle rope exercises represent one of the forms of training functional resistance, the wave movements in the arm, with wave and slam movements being the primary goal of which is concentrated in directing the strength resulting from the fast muscular contraction in the direction of muscular work for boxing skill performance.
Conclusions and Recommendations
Conclusions
➢ Battle rope exercises are an important exercise in increasing the special strength of the shoulder muscle group and the muscles of the arms, which are the muscles on which the greater burden falls when performing punches of all kinds.
➢ The use of battle rope exercises is a good tool to increase the number of punches of all kinds, single, double, and multiple.
➢ The use of battle rope exercises has a positive return in developing special strength and adapting to the muscular work similar to performance, which in turn increases the skill capabilities.
➢ The used battle rope exercises lead to physiological changes required to achieve an increase in the number of punches during bouts.
Recommendations
➢ The researchers recommend the use of battle ropes during training, mainly in the special preparation period.
➢ Adoption of exercises prepared by the researchers to develop the special strength of boxers.
➢ Emphasizing the correct kinetic performance of the battle rope exercises according to the type of the exercise (Slams - Waves), as it must reach the level of the head in the slam exercises and to the level of shoulders in the waves exercises.
➢ Adoption of performance periods between (10-20) minutes as an appropriate period for exercises and emphasizing the appropriate intensity.
➢ Adopting rest periods that are appropriate to the performance time and intensity.
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